The HFE ratings are determined by the last letter after the transistor number, for example, for the BC557A transistor hFE ratings are 110-220, for the BC557B transistor it is 200-450 hFE and for the BC557C transistor it is 420-800 hFE. The BC557 has an hFE rating range from 125 to 800 which makes it an ideal transistor to use as a small signal amplifier in electronic circuits. This is a general-purpose transistor available in a tiny package like TO-92. one N-doped layer stands between the two P-doped layers. It is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that falls under the family of PNP transistors i.e. The BC557 is a famous three-terminal semiconductor device used to switch or amplify electrical power & electronic signals in electronic circuits.

BC557 Transistor Pin Diagram/Pin Configuration/Pinout.

Bodinaud: A New Formulation of the Early Effect in Lateral pnp Transistors. Kidron: Integrated Circuit Model for Lateral pnp Transistors Including Isolation Junction Interactions. Roulston: A Complete Analytic Model for the Base and Collector Current in Lateral p-n-p Transistors. Kim: On the Geometrical Factor of Lateral p-n-p Transistors. Dreckmann: The Lateral p-n-p Transistor-A Practical Investigation of the d.c. Kidron: A Two-Dimensional Model for the Lateral p-n-p Transistor. Chou: Small-Signal Characteristics of Lateral Transistors. Chou: An Investigation of Lateral Transistors-d.c. Schneider: Theory of Lateral Transistors. Kamei: A High Performance, High Voltage Self-Aligned Double- Diffused Lateral (SADDL) pnp Transistor. Slob: Integrated Injection Logic: A New Approach to LSI.

Analysis of Multiple Collector and Emitter Transistors in Integrated Structures.

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